Second Sino-Japanese War: Difference between revisions
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== The Role of Ethnic Minorities ==
[[File:Ma Jia Jun.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Chinese Muslim
Japan attempted to rally Chinese ethnic minorities against the Han Chinese, but only managed to secure support from Manchu, Mongol, Uyghur, and Tibetan elements. The Japanese failed to gain support from the Muslim Hui people, as many Chinese generals were Hui. Despite attempts to negotiate with Ma Bufang, they were unsuccessful. Ma Bufang supported the anti-Japanese Imam Hu Songshan, who prayed for the Japanese's destruction. In 1938, Ma became chairman of Qinghai and commanded a group army, despite his anti-Japanese inclinations.
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=== Use of chemical and biological weapons ===
[[File:Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces in Battle of Shanghai 1937.jpg|left|thumb|192x192px|Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces with gas masks and rubber gloves during a chemical attack near Zhabei in the Battle of Shanghai, 1937]]
Despite the Hague Conventions, Treaty of Versailles, and a resolution by the League of Nations condemning the use of poison gas by the Empire of Japan, the Imperial Japanese Army frequently used chemical weapons during the war in China. The Japanese allowed the use of chemical weapons in China because they believed that Chinese forces did not possess the capacity to retaliate in kind. The Japanese incorporated gas warfare into various aspects of their army, including special gas troops, infantry, artillery, engineers, and air force.
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