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}}'''Brazil''', officially the '''Republic of the United States of Brazil''' (Portugese: ''República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil''), is a South American country founded in 1822. Brazil is the largest country in South America and enjoys a distinct history and culture. The country has moved back towards democracy in the late 1940s with the end of the Estado Novo regime. However, as the 1960s dawn growing tension between the government and the militaries has cause a sense of growing concern for Brazilian Democracy.
Brazil borders the Oriental Republic of Uruguay to the south, the [[Argentina|Argentine Republic]] and the [[Republic of Paraguay]] to the southwest; the [[Republic of Bolivia]] and the [[Peru|Republic of Peru]] to the west; the [[Colombia|Republic of Colombia]] and its separatists to the northwest; the [[Venezuela|Republic of Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] and its puppet in Guiana-Cayenne to the north.
== History ==
=== Involvement in World War Two ===
During the course of the Second World War, mainly due to the Kriegsmarine's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, German submarines begin targeting Brazilian vessels, civilian or otherwise in the Atlantic. While shipping attacks against Brazil were less common, they were much more devastating due to the lack of roads and rail in Brazil; mainly as a result of the country's geography, the only way from Fortaleza and São Luis in the north to São Paulo and Rio de Janiero was by boat.
With common interests in fighting the Germans, the Brazillian government declared war on the German Reich on August 31st, 1942 and joined the Allied powers, sending a expeditionary force known colloquially as the '''Cobras Fumantes''' (lit. "Smoking Snakes", reference to a supposed quote by Hitler) to fight alongside the Allies. Stationed in Britain, the Smoking Snakes were on the front lines fighting against Operation Sealion in 1943, taking part in the Battle of Nottingham, which delayed the German advance long enough for American forces to organize a defensive line in Manchester and Leeds.
Despite their heroic fighting, the Smoking Snakes ultimately were fighting a losing battle in a foregone war, and was eventually evacuated prior to the British capitulation. When the FEB returned back to Brazil at end of the conflict in 1945, they were mostly shunned for their participation in the conflict.
=== Vargas Era (1945-1949) ===
President of Brazil since 1930, Getúlio Vargas continued his attempts at democratization under the principles of 'guided democracy'. His reign, however was continuously challenged by opposition and especially by the United States, which feared that Vargas, like other South American autocrats, could lean towards the Nazis and become fascist puppets in their backyard.
In late 1949, Carlos Lacerda, Vargas' foremost political opponent, survived an assassination attempt orchestrated by Vargas' personal bodyguards. Although Vargas neither ordered nor was informed of this action as the assassination was ordered by the chief of his bodyguard, not by Vargas himself. However, the Brazillian public, already disillusioned with the government, began calling for Vargas' resignation.
With protests intensifying and radical socialists and fascist legions in Brazil beginning to groom radicalization from the instability, the Brazillian military chose to intervene in 1949, ousting Vargas from office. Fearing a military dictatorship, however, Marshal of Brazil Henrique Teixeira Lott, previously the military attache to the United States and a member of Vargas' inner circle, struck a deal with the military to hand power over to the civilian government, rather than the junta from ruling the country. In exchange, however, the military was allowed to push the "National Security laws" through parliament, banning communist and fascist parties from running in the elections.
=== Democracy in Brazil (1949-start date) ===
After this handover of power to the civilian government, Brazil saw a rise of many new political parties; the centrist PSD, leftist PTB, conservative UDN, and populist PSP. The first post-Vargas era election was won by Eduardo Gomes of the UDN, who focused on pushing Brazil closer to the OFN. His presidency is generally considered successful but is criticized for lack of interference into the military and rising corruption.
In 1955, Juscelino Kubitschek of the PSD won the election, however, Carlos Lacerda and Plínio Salgado did not recognize the election as legitimate, with both groups planning coups against the government. Marshal Lott, Minister of War at the time, however, moved in to disrupt their plans. As a result of this, Lott's popularity grew and began to be known as a defender of democracy all throughout Brazil. In the 1960 election, Marshal Lott ran in a coalition, between the PSD and PTB, winning the election. However, as a result of this coalition, Marshal Lott had to appoint Jânio Quadros as Vice President.
Although Quadros have promised to work together despite their differences. Their influence and relationship over the political scene is tumultous and fragile.
== Political Parties ==
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!Leaders
|-
|[[Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
|National Liberalism
|Henrique Teixeira Lott
|-
|[[National Democratic Union]] (UDN)
|Populist Conservatism
Liberal Conservatism
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|Jânio Quadros
|-
|[[Brazilian Labor Party]] (PTB)
|Left-Wing Populism
|João Goulart
|-
|Social Progressive Party (PSP)
|Right-Wing Populism
|Adhemar de Barros
|-
|Christian Democratic Party (PDC)
|Christian Conservatism
|Ney Braga
|-
|Party of Popular Representation (PRP)
|Integralism
|Plínio Salgado
|-
|Brazilian Communist Party (PCB)
|Bolshevism
|Luís Carlos Prestes
|-
|Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB)
|Amazonism
|João Amazonas
| |||